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In general we promote the idea of ontology reuse - however in specific cases there might be detailed issues that make a particular reuse instance counterproductive.

This page sets out the criteria for reuse and identifies a number of candidates that may be considered for reuse for the IDMP MVP.

Criteria for Reuse

In order to consider a given ontology for reuse in an ontology, such as an IDMP ontology, that is intended for standardization the following criteria must be met:

The ontology MUST be publicly available and de-referenceable at its IRI (or planned/announced for near-term public release), either by a recognized international standards body, (e.g., ISO, Dublin Core, W3C, OMG, OASIS), or in a well-known ontology repository (such as the OBO Foundry, BioPortal, COLORE (University of Toronto), and the like).
The ontology should include a copyright statement and MUST include an indication of licensing, which must be open source and non-viral at a minimum. Preference for the MIT or CC by 4 licenses.
The ontology MUST be encoded in the W3C Web Ontology Language and conform with the OWL 2 Description Logics (DL) Profile or a more restrictive profile such as OWL 2 RL (see https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-quick-reference-20121211/)
The ontology MUST conform with FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) policies as described in M.D. Wilkinson , M. Dumontier , Ij.J. Aalbersberg , G. Appleton , M. Axton , A. Baak , … & B. Mons . The FAIR guiding principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Scientific Data 3(2016), 160018. https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata201618.pdf. and refined in B. Mons , C. Neylon , J. Velterop , M. Dumontier , L.O. Bonino da Silva Santos & M.D. Wilkinson . Cloudy, increasingly FAIR; revisiting the FAIR Data guiding principles for the European Open Science Cloud. Information Services & Use 37 (2017), 49–56. https://content.iospress.com/download/information-services-and-use/isu824?id=information-services-and-use%2Fisu824.
The ontology MUST be well-documented (i.e., every class and property MUST have, at a minimum, a human-readable label and definition) and it must be syntactically correct (pass validation by the RDF Validator available at https://www.w3.org/RDF/Validator/, and by the EDM Council's RDF Serializer available at https://github.com/edmcouncil/rdf-toolkit) and logically consistent as demonstrated by at least one well-known reasoner, such as HermiT or Pellet.
The ontology MUST NOT include a default IRI and MUST include an xml:base IRI. Many ontologies posted to various repositories and other sites have a default IRI of the Web Ontology Language, for example, and actually modify the OWL language unwittingly. Tools such as Protege have been known to cause this without the knowledge of the authors, particularly in cases where the authors are new to working in OWL. Any ontology that does this is NOT acceptable for reuse in a standard. If the ontology meets IDMP project requirements from a content perspective as well as the other criteria presented herein, we recommend reaching out to the authors and asking them to fix it.
The ontology MUST be actively maintained by an identifiable and active community of interest. Any ontology that has not been revised within the last 12-18 months may not meet this requirement.
The ontology MUST be relatively self-contained and must not import any ontology that does not conform to 1-7, above. The ontology may reference, without importing, an ontology that does not conform to the criteria listed in 1-7, but only under limited circumstances and only if approved by the governance team.

These criteria do not provide any constraints on evaluating whether or not the content of an ontology is sufficiently fit for purpose to warrant reuse. They simply state the absolute minimum criteria that must be met before consideration with respect to the content is appropriate.

Ontologies Considered for Reuse

Ontology IRI	Ontology Description	Ontology Serialisation	Reuse Promoter	Reuse Pros	Reuse Cons	Reuse Decision	Comment
Chemistry and Biology Ontologies
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/chebi.owl	CHEBI - Chemical Entities of Biological Interest	ttl	Pawel Garbacz	well known broadly reused comprehensive		Just follow pattern(s): subclass hierarchy under CHEBI_24431 ("chemical entity")	THIS IS JUST A TEST/EXAMPLE RECOMMENDATION

Infrastructure and Metadata Ontologies
https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/	DCAT - Data Catalog Vocabulary The main item is DCAT - it's the W3C ontology for data catalogues, and we are close to a release of version 3. This is a key component of several pieces of work on the development of FAIR data, including all of the EU Member States' efforts in open data, industrial data spaces, and also catalogues of services etc. It is also core to the DDI-CDI work that CODATA and the EOSC are involved in as part of CODATA's decadal programme of work. Basically, it goes a long way to provide the "F".		Email from Pedro <pedro.win.stan@googlemail.com> to Gerhard Noelken.
https://www.omg.org/spec/COMMONS/	Commons Ontology Library	.rdf, .ttl	Elisa Kendall	Meets all reuse criteria Passes Hygiene testing Provides building blocks needed for IDMP Well-tested in FIBO and other OMG projects (MVF, API4KP at Mayo Clinic, etc.)	Published recently	Full reuse

Citation Ontologies
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903725/ (CiTo)	CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology	?		Recommended in papers from the U.S. National Library of Medicine	Links to this ontology result in 404 errors	Do not reuse
http://bibliontology.com/ (BIBO)	Bibliographic Ontology Specification	.rdf		Has a following	Most recent revision was in November 2009 Some links to this ontology result in 404 errors	Do not reuse
https://sparontologies.github.io/fabio/current/fabio.html (FRBR)	FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology	.rdf, .ttl, JSON-LD, NT		Recommended by the Mayo Clinic Well-documented Comprehensive	Most recent revision was in 2019 (need to check that it is still maintained)	Under consideration for Reference Source / Reference Document reuse	See also https://www.ifla.org/current-ifla-standards/
https://sparontologies.github.io/frbr/current/frbr.html	Essential FRBR in OWL2 DL	.rdf		Recommended by the Mayo Clinic Well-documented Relatively compact	Most recent revision was in 2018 (need to check that it is still maintained)	Under consideration for Reference Source / Reference Document reuse

Reuse Types

Reuse Decision	Comment
Do not reuse
Just follow pattern(s)
Partial reuse	E.g., we use a single resource without importing the whole ontology
Full reuse owl:imports

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